تأثير التناقض في تصميم الإعلان الفيروسي على مستويات تفاعل المتلقي الرقمي

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلفون

1 قسم الاعلان ، کلية الفنون التطبيقية ، جامعة حلوان، الجيزة ، مصر

2 قسم الإعلان، کلية الفنون التطبيقية، جامعة حلوان، الجيزة، مصر

المستخلص

يعتمد الإعلان الفيروسي على تفاعل المتلقي الرقمي مع الإعلان؛ الذي يساعد على وصول الإعلان لأکبر عدد من الجمهور. وفي سياق البيئة الرقمية - مثل موقع التواصل الإجتماعي "الفيسبوک" - تتدرج مستويات تفاعل المتلقي الرقمي مع الإعلان بدايةً من قيامه "بالنقر" على الإعلان، ومروراً بإبداء "الإعجاب" به و"التعليق" عليه، وصولاً إلى قيامه "بمشارکة" الإعلان مع الآخرين. وهذا المستوى الأخير هو أعلى مستويات تفاعل المتلقي الرقمي من حيث فاعلية التأثير على النجاح الفيروسي للإعلان.
وبالبحث وراء أسباب قيام الفرد بمشارکة محتوى مع الآخرين؛ توصلنا إلى أن المشارکة الاجتماعية تحرکها الإثارة العاطفية التي تلي التعرض لمعلومات تتحدى معتقدات وتوقعات الفرد. کما أن المفاجأة – التي تنشأ من مخالفة التوقعات - هي مفتاح الإنتشار الفيروسي لأي محتوى.
ومن ناحية أخرى، بالبحث وراء الإعلان الذي يتناقض مع توقعات المتلقي؛ توصلنا إلى أنه يحفز المتلقي مقارنةً بنظيره الذي يتوافق مع توقعات المتلقي، والذي يؤدي توقعه إلى ضعف وَقع تأثيره عليه.
ومن هنا تتجلى أهمية الوصول إلى أشکال مختلفة لتناقض الإعلان مع توقعات المتلقي؛ ومن ثم تتبع تأثيرها على مستويات تفاعل المتلقي الرقمي مع الإعلان کمؤشرات للنجاح الفيروسي له، معتمدين في هذا البحث على کل من نظرية البث العاطفي للمشارکة الإجتماعية ونظرية التناقض مع المخطط العقلي.
يتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي متبوعاً بدراسة تحليلية لبعض نماذج لإعلانات فيروسية معتمدة على التناقض. وتوصل البحث إلى أشکال عديدة للتناقض التي يمکن توظيفها بالإعلان؛ والتي ينتج عنها مفاجأة من خلال تناقض الإعلان مع توقعات المتلقي. کما توصل البحث إلى أن تناقض الإعلان مع توقعات المتلقي يؤثر إيجاباً على موقف المتلقي تجاه الإعلان وتقييمه الإيجابي له؛ ومن ثم تفاعله الرقمي معه ونجاحه الفيروسي.

الكلمات الرئيسية


  1. المـراجــع

    أولاً: المراجع العربیة:

    الأطروحات

    1. 1.   الزینی، محمد. "فعالیة برنامج قائم على نظریة المخططات العقلیة باستخدام الحاسوب فی تنمیة مهارات الفهم القرائی للقرآن الکریم ومهارات تدریسه لدى الطلاب المعلمین."، رسالة دکتوراه، کلیة التربیة جامعة المنصورة، 2006.

    Alziyniu, Mahmd. "Fealiat Barnamaj Qayim Ealaa Nazariat Almukhatatat Aleaqliat Biastikhdam Alhasib Alali.", Risalat Dukturah, Kuliyat Altarbiat Jamieat Almansurat, 2006.

    1. 2.    محمد، ناصر احمد حامد "بیداغوجیا الرسوم التوضیحیة الرقمیة للملصقات الاعلانیة التجاریة الارشادیة الموجهة للأطفال " مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم الانسانیة العدد 17

    Mohamed, Naser Ahmed Hamed “Bidaghogya El resom El tawdihya El rakamya Lelmolsakat El eelanya El togarya El ershadya El mwagehh Lelatfal” Magalet al Emara w al Fenoun w al Elom al Insania El adad 17

    ثانیاً: المراجع الأجنبیة:

    الکتب

    1. Cheng, Hong. The Handbook of International Advertising Research. First ed. Malden, Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
    2. Malamed, Connie. Visual Language for Designers: Principles for Creating Graphics that People Understand. Beverly, Mass: Rockport Publishers, 2011.

    المقالات من دوریات

    1. Becattini, Niccolò, Yuri Borgianni, Gaetano Cascini and Federico Rotini. "Surprise and design creativity: investigating the drivers of unexpectedness". International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation 5, no.1-2 (2015): 29-47.
    2. Bene, Marton. "Sharing is Caring! Investigating Viral Posts on Politicians' Facebook Pages during the 2014 General Election Campaign in Hungary." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 14, no. 4 (2017): 387-402.
    3. Dafonte-Gómez, Alberto. "The Key Elements of Viral Advertising. from Motivation to Emotion in the most Shared Videos." Comunicar 22, no. 43 (2014): 199-207.
    4. Doan, Vu Xuan. “Rhetoric in Advertising.” VNU Journal of Science: Policy and Management Studies 33, no. 2 (2017): 30-35.
    5. Eckler, Petya and Paul Bolls. "Spreading the Virus: Emotional Tone of Viral Advertising and its Effect on Forwarding Intentions and Attitudes." Journal of Interactive Advertising 11, no. 2 (2011): 1-11.
    6. Enschot, Renske van, Cyrella Beckers, and Margot van Mulken. "Rhetorical Figures in TV Commercials. the Occurrence of Schemes and Tropes and their Effects on Commercial Likeability." Information Design Journal 18, no. 2 (2010): 138-147.
    7. Gavilanes, José Manuel, Tessa Christina Flatten, and Malte Brettel. "Content Strategies for Digital Consumer Engagement in Social Networks: Why Advertising is an Antecedent of Engagement." Journal of Advertising 47, no. 1 (2018): 4-23.
    8. Ketelaar, Paul E., Loes Janssen, Maurice Vergeer, Eva A. van Reijmersdal, Rik Crutzen, and Jonathan van ‘t Riet. "The Success of Viral Ads: Social and Attitudinal Predictors of Consumer Pass-on Behavior on Social Network Sites." Journal of Business Research 69, no. 7 (2016): 2603-2613.
    9. Knossenburg, Yentl, Roberto Nogueira, and Paula Chimenti. "Contagious Content: Viral Video Ads Identification of Content Characteristics that Help Online Video Advertisements Go Viral." Revista Brasileira De Marketing 15, no. 4 (2016): 448-458.
    10. Lee, Jieun and Ilyoo B. Hong. "Predicting Positive User Responses to Social Media Advertising: The Roles of Emotional Appeal, Informativeness, and Creativity." International Journal of Information Management 36, no. 3 (2016): 360-373.
    11. Marcos Inácio Severo de Almeida, Milena Costa, Ricardo Limongi França Coelho, and Paulo Roberto Scalco. ""Engage and Attract Me, then I'Ll Share You": An Analysis of the Impact of Post Category on Viral Marketing in a Social Networking Site." Revista Brasileira De Gestão De Negócios 18, no. 62 (2016): 545-569.
    12. Mills, Adam J. "Virality in social media: the SPIN Framework." Journal of Public Affairs 12, no.2 (2012): 162–169.
    13. Mohanty, Praggyan (Pam) and S. Ratneshwar. "Visual Metaphors in Ads: The Inverted-U Effects of Incongruity on Processing Pleasure and Ad Effectiveness." Journal of Promotion Management 22, no. 3 (2016): 443-460.
    14. Mzoughi, Nabil and Samar Abdelhak. "Visual and Verbal Rhetoric in Advertising: Impact On Emotions and Attitudes." International Journal of Business and Management Studies 1, no.3 (2012): 413–422.
    15. Nelson-Field, Karen, Erica Riebe, and Kellie Newstead. "The Emotions that Drive Viral Video." Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) 21, no. 4 (2013): 205-211.
    16. Nikolinakou, Angeliki and Karen Whitehill King. "Viral Video Ads: Emotional Triggers and Social Media Virality." Psychology & Marketing 35, no. 10 (2018): 715-726.
    17. Sharma, Rishi Raj and Balpreet Kaur. "Modeling the Elements and Effects of 
Global Viral Advertising Content: A Cross-Cultural Framework." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 1 (2018): 1-10.
    18. Shen, George Chung-Chi, Jyh-Shen Chiou, Chih-Hui Hsiao, Chun-Hsien Wang, and Hsin-Ni Li. "Effective Marketing Communication Via Social Networking Site: The Moderating Role of the Social Tie." Journal of Business Research 69, no. 6 (2016): 2265-2270.
    19. Shirkhodaee, Maysam and Saeed Rezaee. "Evaluating the Persuasive and Memory Effects of Viral Advertising." International Journal of Online Marketing (IJOM) 3, no. 3 (2013): 51-61.
    20. Southgate, Duncan, Nikki Westoby and Graham Page, "Creative Determinants of Viral Video Viewing." International Journal of Advertising 29, no. 3, (2010): 349-368.
    21. Taecharungroj, Viriya and Pitchanut Nueangjamnong. "Humour 2.0: Styles and Types of Humour and Virality of Memes on Facebook." Journal of Creative Communications 10, no. 3 (2015): 288-302.
    22. Voorveld, Hilde A. M., Guda van Noort, Daniël G. Muntinga, and Fred Bronner. "Engagement with Social Media and Social Media Advertising: The Differentiating Role of Platform Type." Journal of Advertising 47, no. 1 (2018): 38-54.
    23. Wagner, Timm F., Christian V. Baccarella, and Kai-Ingo Voigt. "Framing Social Media Communication: Investigating the Effects of Brand Post Appeals on User Interaction." European Management Journal 35, no. 5 (2017): 606-616.
    24. Yoon, Hye Jin. "Understanding Schema Incongruity as a Process in Advertising: Review and Future Recommendations." Journal of Marketing Communications 19, no. 5 (2013): 360-376.

    المؤتمرات

    1. Keib, Kate, Camila Espina, Yen-I Lee and Bartosz W. Wojdynski. "Picture Perfect: How Photographs Influence Emotion, Attention and Selection in Social Media News Posts", (paper presented at the AEJMC national conference to be held in Minneapolis, MN. Visual Communication Division, August 2016). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305729856

    الأطروحات

    1. Broadus, Thomas Grant II. "The Viral Fingerprint: A Content Analysis of Popular Viral Advertisements", Master's thesis, University of Southern Mississippi, 2011. https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/230
    2. Couvreur, Cedric. ""The use of humour in socially responsible advertisements" Case study of the Rainforest Alliance.", Master's thesis, Université Catholique De Louvain, Louvain School of Management, 2015.
    3. Martins, Mariana Vieira Alvares. “Going viral: how does viral online video content and specific features influence attitudes toward the brand?” Master's Thesis, ESCP Europe Business School, 2012.
    4. Petrescu, Maria. "Viral Advertising: Conceptual and Empirical Examination of Antecedents, Context and its Influence on Purchase Intentions." PhD diss., Florida Atlantic University, 2012.

    مواقع الکترونیة

    1. Alaa, Ahmed. "A New Ad for Android that is not Related to Mobile Devices." Akhbar Tech. http://www.akhbar-tech.com/Node/d/9438 (accessed February 3, 2019).
    2. Ben-Yehoshua, Dafna. "Snapchat for the Animals: the #LastSelfie Campaign." 3 Door Digital. http://3doordigital.com/snapchat-animals-lastselfie-campaign/ (accessed May 11, 2019).
    3. Diaz, Ann-Christine. "Oreo's 100-Day 'Daily Twist' Campaign Puts Cookie in Conversation." Adage. https://adage.com/article/digital/oreo-s-daily-twist-campaign-puts-cookie-conversation/237104 (accessed March 20, 2019).
    4. Digital Training Academy. "Case study: Android ‘Friends Furever’ becomes most shared viral ever". http://www.digitaltrainingacademy.com/casestudies/2015/11/case_study_android_friends_furever_becomes_most_shared_viral_ever.php (accessed February 3, 2019).
    5. Dougherty, Tom. "All marketers should take a cue from “Embrace Life.”" Stealing Share. https://www.stealingshare.com/embrace-life-embraces-the-right-emotion/ (accessed January 27, 2018).
    6. Droga5. "ANDROID: Friends Furever." https://droga5.com/work/android-friends-furever/ (accessed February 7, 2019).
    7. Evian. "Our Water." https://www.evian.com/en_us (accessed May 20, 2019).
    8. Facebook, "Post engagement." https://www.facebook.com/business/help/735720159834389 (accessed June 12, 2019).
    9. Gavronski, Maarja. "Case Study: Oreo’s 100th birthday celebrations with a twist." The Best of Global Digital Markeing. http://www.best-marketing.eu/case-study-oreos-100th-birthday-celebrations-with-a-twist/ (accessed February 15, 2019).
    10. Google. "The Record Breaking Love Affair Between evian® and YouTube."  Think with Google. https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/marketing-resources/evian-baby-and-me/ (accessed  May 3,  2019).
    11. Gupta, Amisha. "Case Study on World Wide Fund: Don’t Let This Be My #LastSelfie." Digital Vidya. https://www.digitalvidya.com/blog/case-study-on-world-wide-fund-dont-let-this-be-my-lastselfie/ (accessed February 15, 2019).
    12. Hamidaddin, Alhusayn. "Evian: Baby & Me." alhusayn. wordpress. https://alhusayn.wordpress.com/2014/03/11/ad-2/ (accessed June 11, 2019).
    13. Jenders, Dennis. "Case Study: Oreo, Daily Twist." Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wgqd600FC8 (3 January 2019).
    14. Mertes, Alyssa. "OREO’s Daily Twist Campaign: Cleverness in a Cookie." Quality Logo Products Blog.  https://www.qualitylogoproducts.com/blog/oreos-daily-twist-ad-campaign/ (18 January 2019).
    15. Preece, David. "Evian Baby Me Commercial 2013." youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikuiByrF6rs (accessed May 20, 2019).
    16. Sussex Safer Roads. "About (SSRP)." Sussex Safer Roads. https://www.sussexsaferroads.gov.uk/about (accessed February 3, 2018).
    17. Sussex Safer Roads. "Embrace Life - always wear your seat belt." Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-8PBx7isoM (accessed June 13, 2019).
    18. Sussex Safer Roads. "Embrace Life is our award-winning advert." Sussex Safer Roads. https://www.sussexsaferroads.gov.uk/page/embrace-life (accessed February 3, 2018).
    19. Think Marketing. "McDonald’s Egypt just created one of the best viral campaigns in 2017." Think Marketing Magazine. https://thinkmarketingmagazine.com/mcdonalds-egypt-just-created-one-best-viral-campaigns-2017/ (accessed February 5, 2019).
    20. Writer, Staff. "McDonald’s Egypt Misspellings Spark Viral Campaign." Digital Boom. https://adigitalboom.com/mcdonalds-misspellings-spark-viral-campaign/ (accessed May 10, 2019).