The Ornamental heritage of Gypsies around the world between past and present

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer in Academic Studies Department, faculty of Applied Arts, Badr University

Abstract

Gypsies are ethnic groups whose ancestors migrated from India and their societies are known as Roma, Dom, and Lom .the Gypsy is the name that unites them all, which was given them by other societies not the Gypsies themselves. In anthropology, they were known as "traveling societies". Itinerant societies are those that do not produce their own food, but obtain it from other societies in exchange for providing some arts and services that are characterized by mobility, and they live side by side with other societies and achieve a balance between nomadic and semi-nomadic.
The Roma people are mainly divided into Romani (in Europe) and Dumor (in the Middle East), and the Roma have different names (Rom, Dom, and Lom). These names are still used today and have to do with the class and sectarian differences between them. Romani communities crossed into Europe via Anatolia and the Black Sea and live in many countries around the world from Russia to the USA, including Turkey. They speak the language known as Roma, while the Dom is a Domari community that lives in many countries of the Middle East, including Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine and Egypt. They are a specific linguistic group of Indian origin. Lom communities are communities that currently live in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Armenia, the eastern and northern parts of Turkey and speak Lomari (Lomavrin).
All the arts that the Roma groups provide are a clear expression of their love for life and freedom regardless the restrictions of society and the law, Therefore, it is difficult to classify them as political, social, or ideological groups, as they are groups that do not dream of a homeland living in it, and because the arts are the mirror of peoples and it is the true expression of the individuals’ tendencies that is why the Gypsy arts in all fields are the expression of freedom, and research is concerned with the distinctive visual art in their Ornaments and formations that are characterized by freedom, And, mostly with random color, rich ornaments and formations that reflect their life, as if every decorative unit and every color is the color of the ground which they passed through, so the picture becomes in the end combined with all the spectrums of arts and cultures.

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References

المراجع:
المراجع العربية:
1-  صبري نبيل صبحي حنا ، "جماعات الغجر… مع إشارة خاصة للغجر في مصر والبلاد العربية" ، دار المعارف ، الطبعة الأولى 1980.
Hanna, Sabri,"Gmaat  Alghagar… ma eshart khasa lelghagar fi Mesr w albelad alarabia",dar almaaref, altabaa alola 1980.
 
المراجع الأجنبية:
1-   Alexandra Parrs,"Gypsies in Contemporary Egypt: On the Peripheries of Society", electronic edition published in 2017, The American University in Cairo Press.
2-   Carol Silverman," Oregon Roma (Gypsies), A Hidden History", Oregon Historical Society 2017.
3-   Donald Kenrick,"Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)", Scarecrow Press 2007, Edition 2, Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group.
4-   Hussain Bux Malla," Gypsies among us", Published Research Paper, ResearchGate.
5-   Elena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov, "Gypsies in Central Asia and the Caucasus", Palgrave Macmillan.
6-   William H. Bunting," Part 2 A Sampler of Historic Maine Photographs, 1860-1920", Tilbury House Publishers 2000.
 
المواقع الإلکترونية:
1-   https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12711181 
2-   https://shilpaahuja.com/gypsy-clothing/
3-   https://www.romarchive.eu/en/collection/granada-danza-de-gitanos  تاريخ الاطلاع 11/10/2020 (شکل4 ، 5 )
4-   https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0203-502,_Bei_Agram,_kroatische_Sinti_und_Roma-Frauen_und_Kinder.jpg تاريخ الاطلاع 11/10/2020 (شکل 10 )
5-   https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/10/t-magazine/tasveer-foundation-subjects-spaces-women-in-indian-photography.html  تاريخ الاطلاع 10/10/2020 (شکل 12 و13)
6-  https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/sibiu-romania-august-8-2019-bohemian-1500182009  تاريخ الاطلاع 11/10/2020 (شکل14)

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