Technology and materials and their impact on the Relief sculpture in the open-air museum display

Document Type : Original Article

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1 faculty of fine arts, minia university

2 faculty of fine arts minia university

Abstract

• Research Summary
The last century witnessed successive artistic revolutions in the plastic arts - especially the art of sculpture - starting from the methods of performance, artistic content and raw materials used in formation through the great progress in the field of technology, so they were linked together to serve technology, and the harmony of art and science in the modern era had results, the most important of which were changes in artistic concepts that affected the art of relief sculpture clearly through the development in the form and expressive content of the sculptural work and the materials used in the implementation.
The sculptors took advantage of this modern industrial technology to make metals and industrial plastics in the outdoor relief sculpture to create huge sculptural volumes while saving the mass of the material used and replacing the solid mass with space, especially in the free-standing outdoor sculpture work.
Then the research deals with the relationship among the form ,material of the work and the place of presentation, where the artist must reconcile among the place, the design and the material, for each material has its natural, formal and technical properties that must be respected when implementing the work, what can be successfully implemented from one material cannot be implemented from another material - and if possible each has an impact on the final form of the work - intermediate materials have the task of helping to complete the design, and hard, long-lasting materials, which are the basis for the continue of sculpture throughout history.
The art in the modern era tends to address purely plastic values, and the sculptor seeks to highlight the qualities of the material only, as the goal of art is not to conquer the material until it simulates some subjects, but rather to search for the form that is achieved in that material according to its nature and characteristics and its suitability and the place of presentation, and the task of the sculptor is Watching the arrangement of the material to transform that raw material into an aesthetic material that he adapts and reveals its truth and sensory richness.

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