Two Unpublished Aromatic Diffusers of Gold Inlaid with Diamond from the 19th Century A.D in the Museum of Islamic Art at Cairo "An Archaeological and Artistic Study"

This paper seeks to publish and study two unpublished aromatic diffusers made of gold and diamond, which dated back to the 19th Century A.D/ 13th Century A.H, and preserved in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. It is worth mentioning that the two unpublished aromatic diffusers- the subject of this study- hold the numbers; (MIA no. 12547- 13465/1, 2) according to the records of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. The research seeks to conduct an archaeological and artistic study; this will be addressed for one of the types of artifacts represented in the aromatic diffusers that will be published for the first time and were commonly used during the 19th Century A.D/ 13th Century A.H. Perfume and aromatic oils are among the spiritual pleasures of the human soul, as the perfume is a common name for all types of odorous oils. Perfume and aromatic oils have a special rank in the hearts of Muslims, where the Messenger of God (Peace be upon him) mentioned perfume and fragrant oils in more than one position, including, for example, but not limited to, what was narrated by Anas bin Malik, Al-Albani and Al-Nasa’i in "Sahih Al-Nasa’i" that the Messenger of God (Peace be upon him) said: "In this world, women and perfume have been made dear to me and my comfort has been in the prayer", as narrated by Abu Saeed Al-Khudri, Al-Albani, Abi Dawud, Al-Tirmidhi and Al-Nasa’i that the Messenger of God (Peace be upon him) when asked about musk? He said: it is the best essential oils. In the two authentic hadiths, there is a clear indication of the urge to perfume with perfumes and aromatic oils with smart scents. The industry of incense burner spread during the successive Islamic ages, in addition to the existence of aromatic diffusers that express a more advanced manufacturing technique during the era of the Muhammad Ali dynasty in Egypt. There are many valuable metals and precious stones have been used in this type of aroma diffusers. The research aims to publish, discuss and study the two unpublished aromatic diffusers, as they have neither been investigated nor studied comprehensively by researchers. The methodology of this study will be addressed through an archaeological and artistic study according to the descriptive and analytic research approach.