Constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective decentralized solutions for sustainable wastewater management in rural and semi-Urban communities in Egypt

Governments are making great efforts to reduce the demand gap for freshwater resources. However, most countries, especially developing ones failed to achieve this. Consequently, providing an alternative strategy by using non-traditional solutions to recycle water has become an urgent issue. So Decentralized Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for wastewater treatment as a sustainable water have gained significant attention. In this context, the research tends to study constructed wetlands (CWs) as one of the most important decentralized nature-based solutions (NBS) to treat wastewater and provide the increasing demand for water.

The research was based on a theoretical framework about wastewater and treatment systems (centralized, decentralized). and the challenges which facing centralized systems, Then studying the decentralized systems as an alternative and applicable solution , and review the criteria for selecting the most appropriate technology to achieve sustainable wastewater management, which must be"economically effective, environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable".Then studying constructed wetlands (CWs) as a decentralized natural treatment system and its benefits. Then Analyse a set of experiments to know the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CWs) and the feasibility of establishing them by evaluating the environmental impact, the economic effectiveness, the extent of societal acceptance, and fulfilling the legislative requirements. To know the various obstacles that prevent the implementation of these solutions and the opportunities from applying this sustainable technology in the early design stages and Knowing the potential that can support cities to maximize the use of these systems to achieve sustainable wastewater management. Then devising an approach to the adoption of Constructed Wetlands (CWs) in new and rural and semi-urban communities in Egypt. By presenting a summary of the study that includes the overall results of the research and recommendations that can be applied to the state of cities in Egypt.