New aspects of civilization in the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) (13-24 AH / 634-644 AD ) “Historical study”

The Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, "may God be pleased with him", carried out great historical and civilized works in the Arabian Peninsula, and during his reign, Islamic cities such as Basra and Kufa in Iraq, and Fustat in Egypt with their religious, civil, military, and other architectural facilities were built, as well as the architectural facilities that were built during his reign. In the Levant, or in Africa, and the detail of this is that in the Hijaz he made the addition to the Prophet’s Mosque, when there were many people in Medina, and he was the first to expand it after the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and he forbade the decoration, following the approach of the Prophet, "may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. In the hatred of decoration or the prohibition of it, and in Makkah Al-Mukarramah he built the Grand Mosque (17 AH / 638 AD), and he is the first to build it in Islamic history, and he covered the Kaaba with the Qabati.

During his reign, the city of Basra was built (about 14 AH / 635 AD), as was the city of Kufa (about 17 AH / 638 AD), as well as the city of Fustat (21 AH / 642 AD), according to specific policy and controls that he set for the rulers in these cities, and he is the first to establish building controls In architecture and urbanization in the two cities after they were exposed to the fire, and among the architectural facilities that were built during his reign in the Levant, the mosque in Damascus (the Umayyad Mosque), and the mosque in Jerusalem (15AH/636AD). In some other cities, even the mosque became a "religious and social phenomenon" during his reign