Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
استاذ مساعد كلية الاثار والارشاد السياحي .جامعة مصر للعلوم والتكنولوجياتخصص ترميم الاثار العضوية
2
High Institute of Tourism, Hotel Management and Restoration, Abu Qir, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
Abstract
Abstract:
The Saqqara archaeological site in Giza is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world, not only in Egypt, due to the historical and archaeological significance of its temples and tombs. Misr University for Science and Technology, Faculty of Archaeology and Tourism Guidance, has been working with the Supreme Council of Antiquities at the eastern Tabih Aljaysh site in Saqqara since 2020.
The mission has discovered many burial shafts dating back to the late period, in which dilapidated wooden coffins and sarcophagi were found, containing human bones covered with worn-out linen fabric wrappings and shrouds. It was found that the mummification process during that time period focused on the external appearance of the deceased, such as the colors of the coffins, without paying attention to the quality of the wood used. Similarly, the linen fabric wrappings and shrouds were in good external shape, but they were made of weak types of linen.
This was evident through the research, which examined four different samples of human skeletal remains and found good results in terms of industrial technique, shape, and technical evaluation, but weakness in terms of chemical composition due to the chemical reaction between the materials used in mummification and the linen wrappings and shrouds. The research utilized scanning electron microscope with EDAX, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis to evaluate the quality of industrial and technical evaluation of linen wrappings and shrouds.
This scientific paper highlights an important stage in the development of the linen industry throughout ancient Egyptian times and shows the extent of the development of the ancient Egyptian industries in the production of fine linen fabric using the mordant of alum and safflower dye to decorate the linen fabric.
Keywords: Mummy, Late Period, Resins, Wrappings, Shrouds, Shroud Techniques, Scanning Electron Microscope Saqqara, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
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