Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Conservation Department - Faculty of Archaeology - Cairo University - Giza - Egypt
2
Physical Chemistry Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
3
Conservation Department - Faculty of Archaeology - Cairo University - Giza - Egypt Environmental and Restoration Techniques Department - Faculty of Postgraduates Studies for Nanotechnology - Cairo University - Sheikh Zayed Campus - Giza - Egypt
Abstract
Cities around the world are rich with numerous bronze sculptures displayed in squares, gardens, and near bridges, as well as in front of palace facades and public buildings, which represent distinguished historical figures or works by certain artists. Due to these sculptures being located outdoors, they are affected by various factors and causes that lead to their corrosion and disfigurement as a result of direct contact with the external environment. So this research aims to explain the role of nanotechnology in the field of corrosion protection for bronze surfaces of outdoor sculptures by using the different kinds of nano-coatings; As the use of nanomaterials in the field of protection enhances the great ability to obtain better protection because of its unique properties, including the sizes of their nanoparticles, and surfaces with more chemical and physical activity than conventional materials. Thus, it they help to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical, biological and thermal properties of the polymers which are used in corrosion protection by producing new, distinctive, and unique classes of multi-functional nano-coatings which are designed to provide the best protection against all environmental influences. This is accomplished by designing nanostructured coatings by using different methods, or changing the formation of coatings by inserting functional groups of different nanoparticles such as Silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), Titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2), Aluminum oxide (nano-Al2O3), Zinc oxide (nano-ZnO), Zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO2), Cerium oxide (nano-CeO2) to form nanocomposited coatings to achieve improve mechanical properties, prevention of ultraviolet (UV) effect, wetting resistance, self-cleaning, biological damage resistance, and corrosion resistance, as well as by encapsulating/loading active functional species such as corrosion inhibitors into host carriers inside the coating to obtain nanoreservoirs in coatings to achieve smart functional requirements, such as self-healing. Therefore, nanomaterials are considered promising materials in the field of producing protective coatings. Hence, nano-coatings are able to provide better protection for bronze sculptures displayed in the external environment through unique functions that help combat the corrosion process in aggressive environments.
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