Architectural Anthropology: Exploring the Relationship Between Spatial Design and the Human Experience in Malls

Contemporary shopping mall design faces a challenge in balancing commercial appeal with meeting the diverse human needs of visitors. This research explores the impact of architectural anthropology on the design of these centers. It hypothesizes that integrating natural, social, cultural, and applied anthropological aspects enhances visitor experience and positive behavior, aiming to provide insights into how understanding the human-built environment relationship influences the design of more attractive, functional, and human-centered commercial spaces.

To achieve this goal, the research reviewed a comprehensive theoretical framework of architectural anthropology and its applications in commercial buildings and spaces. This review delved into key concepts, examining how these anthropological lenses illuminate the complex relationship between spatial design and human behavior and social interactions within commercial settings. The framework also explored how architectural forms, materials, and spatial organization can embody and convey cultural values, social norms, and community identities. Furthermore, the research conducted an in-depth anthropological analysis of five strategically selected shopping malls across local, regional, and international contexts. This analysis included on-site observations, reviews of architectural plans, and assessments of how each mall addressed aspects such as spatial flow, social interaction zones, the integration of cultural elements, accessibility, and the incorporation of natural features. The aim of this comparative analysis was to identify successful and innovative design practices that effectively cater to diverse human needs, as well as to pinpoint recurring challenges and potential areas for improvement in the design of these complex environments.

Furthermore, the research employs a questionnaire to measure visitor perceptions and behaviors towards different design elements, understanding the impact of natural (e.g., lighting and ventilation), social (e.g., interaction spaces), cultural (e.g., local identity), and applied (e.g., ease of navigation and comfort) aspects on visitor experience and satisfaction.

The findings emphasize the importance of spatial planning that deeply considers environmental aspects (e.g., natural lighting and green spaces), social aspects (e.g., spaces for interaction and belonging), cultural aspects (e.g., local identity and heritage), and applied aspects (e.g., comfort, accessibility, and the integration of technology).

Based on these results, an innovative integrated model for the anthropological spatial design of shopping malls was developed. This model offers practical guidance for architects, developers, and decision-makers to create commercial buildings and spaces that not only have commercial appeal but also enhance the overall user experience, thereby strengthening their role as sustainable social and cultural destinations that effectively meet community needs and aspirations.