The Roman Theater (the semi-circular theater) in the city of Greater Libda in Libya and ways to invest it in tourism

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Faculty member in the Department of Conservation and Restoration and Head of Tourism Guidance Department, Faculty of Archeology and Tourism - Al-Marqab University - Al Khums

Abstract

Archaeological buildings are considered to be as one of the most important aspects of any cultural heritage. Architecture also is considered to be in a headlong of the cultural milestone and substantial, which expresses the reality of civilization, through their ancient monuments and ruined cities. For instance, Leptis Magna is one of the three famous old Roman cities in Tripoli region, which is also known as Tripolitania (Leptis Magna, Tripoli nowadays and Sobrata). These cities are the largest and the greatest in North Africa; moreover, they are the most essential ones that established by the Phoenicians earlier as a commercial stations as a result of their crucial location. These cities located on the cost of the Mediterranean Sea and they are considered as a significant connection between the East and the West of the Mediterranean. Besides, these steps face Italy and Sicily on the north cost of this sea which makes it easy to connect them with the tribes' roads in order to controls the movement of its trains that goes deep in south of the African desert. In 1920, diggings and excavations started in Leptis Magna. This great old city contains
many different significant ruins that made it one of the most important ancient cities in Libya. Also, the Roman theatre is considered as one of the important cites of this Roman city. It plays an essential role in local and international tourism. This research deals with the archaeological importance of this cite through an infield study to it as well as an in depth study of its history and developments. Also, this project covers all the amendments on all the parts of this mentioned theatre. This research discusses in details how these ancient parts of theater participates in the process of improving tourism and it gives a deep look on theatre' parts that are in heed of repairing. Further, this study sheds light on how to get benefit of these repaired parts and how to use them again with the same old role.

Keywords

Main Subjects


قائمة المراجع
أ. المراجع العربية:
1. انديشة، أحمد محمد ، الحياة الاجتماعية في المرافئ الليبية الغربية وظهرها في ظل السيطرة الرومانية(ط1؛سرت : جامعة التحدي ،2008 ).
 Andisha, Ahmed Muhammad, Social Life in the Western Libyan Ports and Its Back Under Roman Control (1st Edition; Sirte: Challenge University, 2008).-
2. الميار ، عبد الحفيظ ، دراسة تحليلية للنقائش الفينيقية البونية في اقليم المدن الثلاث فى ليبيا( ط1؛ بيروت: دار الکتاب الجديدة المتحدة ، 2005).
- al-Mayar , Abd al-Hafiz, An Analytical Study of Punic Phoenician Inscriptions in the Region of the Three Cities in Libya (1st Edition; Beirut: New United Book House, 2005).
   3. عبد الجواد ، توفيق حمد ، تاريخ العمارة "والفنون في العصور الأولى" الجزء الأول ، ط2،مکتبة الأنجلو المصرية، القاهرة ، 1970.
- Abdel-Gawad, Tawfiq Hamad, History of Architecture and “Arts in the Early Years” Part 1, 2nd Edition, The Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo, 1970
  4. عکاشة ، ثروت ، دراسة الفن الروماني ، المجلد الثاني، الجزء العاشر ، الهيئة المصرية للکتاب ،القاهرة، 1993.
Okasha, Tharwat, A Study of Roman Art, Volume Two, Part Ten, Egyptian Book Authority, Cairo, 1993-
  5 . قادوس ،عزت زکي حامد، تاريخ عام الفنون ، دار المعرفة الجامعية ،الإسکندرية ، 2001 .
Qadus, Izzat Zaki Hamed, History of the Year of the Arts, University Knowledge House, Alexandria, 2001. -
6 .____________  ، آثار العالم العربي في العصرين اليوناني والروماني(ط،1 ؛ الإسکندرية: دارالکتاب، 2004).
 - Qadus ,Izzat Zaki Hamid, Antiquities of the Arab World in the Greek and Roman Eras (i, 1;
Alexandria: Dar Al-Kitab, 2004)
7.باقر،  طه لبدة الکبرى منشورات مصلحة الآثار ( ط1؛  طرابلس : 1965).
Baqer ,Taha 'Lebda al-Kubra (ed1; Publications of the Antiquities Authority, Tripoli: 1965)-
8.النمس،  محمود عبد العزيز ، أبو حامد ، محمود الصديق ، دليل متحف الآثار بالسرايا الحمراء بطرابلس ( ط1؛ طرابلس : الدار العربية للکتاب،  1977)
--Nems, Mahmoud Abdel Aziz Al, Abu Hamed, Mahmoud Al-Siddiq, guide to the Antiquities Museum in the Red Saraya in Tripoli (1st Edition; Tripoli: Arab Book House, 1977)
ب. المراجع الأجنبية:
9.Caputo, Giacomo. (1976d) LE  Statue  Scoperte Nel Teatro IL Confronto  Epigrafico, Lerma Di  Bretschneider- Roma .
10.  Caputo , Giacomo. (1976a)IL Teatro  Augusteo Di Leptis  Magna , Scavo E restauro
(1937-1951), Lerma   Di  Bretschneider  -  Roma.
11.Cary .M. and Scullard. H.H. A history of Rome Down To Reign of Constantine.
Third ed. Published by the Macmillan press Ltd  .London1975
12.DiVita, Antonin, (1966)Ed  Altria  Recenti  Scavi  EScoperte  In  Tripolitania "La Villa Della " Gara  Delle Nereidi'  Presso  Tagiura , UN  Contributo  Alla  Storia  DEL  Mosaico  Romano , ED  Altri, Recenti  Scayi  E Scoperte  IN  Tripolitania , Bardi-Roma.
13.Granger,Frank ,Vitruvius On Architecture, D.LIT., Ajli.ba, Harvard University Press London,1931.
14.Robles,Jean.(1999).MarieBlas de, Libye  grecque, romaine et byzantine (French Edition)(French)Paperback.
15.Tomasello, Francesco .(2005).Minor, Fontana  E Ninfei  DI  Leptis  Magna «L’erma» di Bret Schneider .
16. Maria, Anna, and   Bourbon , Fabio , Liberati Rome Splendours Of  An Ancient
Civilization, London., 2005 .
ثانيا : الدوريات العربية:
71.عيسى، محمد، أماکن اللهو والترفيه في المدن الثلاث (لبدة و أويا و صبراتة)، مجلة آثار العرب، العدد التاسع و العاشر، طرابلس، 1997.
- Issa, Muhammad, Places of entertainment and entertainment in the three cities (Libda, Oya, and Sabratha), Athar Al-Arab Magazine, Issues 9 and 10, Tripoli, 1997
ثانيا: المقابلات الشخصية:
18. مقابلة شخصية مع البروفسور انطونيو دي فيتا .(2004) مراقبة أثار لبدة.
Personal interview with Professor Antonio de Vita. (2004) Observing the effects of Lebda.-
19. مقابلة شخصية مع  جابر معتوق.(2021) مراقبة أثار لبدة
- Personal interview with Jaber Maatouk (2021) Observer Archeology Libda
ثالثاً: الرسائل العلمية  غير المنشورة:
-    الأجنبية
20.Strickland, Michael Harold, (Roman  Building  Materials, Construction  Methods), And  Architecture,  Architecture Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History,   Clemson University , 2010.