Ceramic covers for beehives in Iran during the Qajar era Century (14 AH/20 AD) an artistic archaeological study

Ceramics has been known since ancient times, as it was the subject of interest of people during the time period in which humanity lived, and in many cases it was considered a key to knowing the civilizations, cultures, and lives of different peoples. Thus, ceramic beehive covers, the subject of the study, were a key to popular art in rural Iran during the Qajar era in the 14th century AH/ 20 AD) The study followed the descriptive analytical approach by conducting a descriptive study in which it dealt with a description of the ceramic covers preserved in museums, collections, exhibitions and various auctions, and divided them according to the decorations executed on them into seven types, and dealt with a description of their shape, sizes, museum preservation number for them, and the drawings executed on them, including photographs. And decorations, then he conducted an analytical study, which dealt with the raw materials, manufacturing method, formation, and colors used Then an analysis of the decorative elements of drawings of pictorial landscapes, drawings of living creatures, both human and animal, “realistic and abstract,” drawings of birds, mythical and mythical creatures, and drawings of applied antiques, then drawings of decorative elements of plants, geometric and architectural drawings, and written inscriptions. Then I discussed the incoming artistic influences. Then I followed it with the centers of industry, and concluded by dating the ceramic coverings by relying on the artistic features in the first place, then relying on the dated pieces and a comparative study of them with other ceramic artifacts dated in the same time period in the second place, then came the conclusion that included the most important results that I reached it, appending it with the most important figures and paintings that support the study This is with the aim of identifying the popular artistic traditions on Qajar ceramic artifacts in Iran during the 14th century AH/20 AD, knowing the industrial and decorative style of these ceramic coverings, as well as identifying the artistic designs on those coverings and the function they perform, as well as understanding the nature and culture of those peoples who made the ceramic coverings and their religions. And their folk artistic traditions through the decorations depicted on them. Identifying the local culture of ceramic artifacts as a trend in producing local ceramics and highlighting handicrafts during that time period in Iran.