Innovative applied experiments to develop relief printmaking laboratories, its impact on the quality of printed copies and the methods of expressions

This research studies the development of printmaking tools historically, and the extent of developing the main prinmaking laboratory techniques and supplies, in addition to following the development of printmaking tools historically and their importance technically. The study stresses the researcher's interest in vertical pressing of relief printmaking. There is no doubt that relief printmaking has its own characteristic aesthetic values including the associated graphic state with the copied prints that results from the impressions of printmaking pressing after pressing the blocks upon the paper on using the heavy printmaking tools of vertical or horizontal presses, according to the features of each method, in addition to the possibility of pressing the high-density cotton paper leading to outstanding graphic and visual effects. In addition, these tools can reduce the efforts of artists and fine arts students by replacing the procedures of rubbing by mechanic or hydraulic simple means that save time and effort while encouraging to print larger sizes of special printmaking paper and accelerating the dryness of printmaking ink by using specialized machines. However, most of these tools and machines are not available inside the labs of printmaking of the Egyptian universities, or being broken and requires maintenance and development, so that the researcher endeavored to create real technical solutions and more effective printmaking tools by reviewing the historical and technical development of printmaking equipment to reach the best aims and results of attempting to develop and execute some important laboratory printmaking tools, which indicate the success of artistic experiment, fixing the copied prints during the printing process and controlling the printmaking inks, dryness speed, presssure strengnth, type of paper, its density and thickness and the special graphic artistic impressions such as movement, reptetive and transperancy, which result from using perfect printmaking equipment. These tools, which created by the researcher, are found inside the laboratories of Egyptian universities. Besides, the research compares between many printed works, which executed by using these tools to study their effectiveness and importance in achieving the results that were positive and promising, technically and experimentally, These works were exhibited in the 2nd international Gulf Symposium, Bahrain, February 2024.