An experimental study for evaluating the efficiency of consolidated materials for limestone treatment.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Restoration Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University

2 Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, El- Gamma St., 12613, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Historical limestone surface and historical building may be exposed to many changes due to the exposure to many mechanical, Physiochemical deterioration factors Which represents a threat to our cultural heritage so the aim of this study was to preserve monuments by consolidating limestone by various consolidating materials to evaluate the efficiency of treatment process, in this study we used Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide(NANO RESTORE), SILRES® BS OH 100 (solventless mixtures of ethyl silicates (TEOS) tetraethoxysilane) were used to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the stone material, Remmers KSE 300 E ( Solvent-free stone strengthener on a silicic acid ethyl ester (KSE) base), highly penetrating, safe and easy to use, resistant to high weather and ultraviolet radiation, Paraloid B72 it is a joint polymerization consisting of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate by 70: 30%, Produced by Rhom & Haas and commercially produced by the Italian company CTS, transparent crystals, dissolved in organic solvents, this type of polymers are characterized by high molecular weight and resistance For friction, flexibility and resistance to yellowing, Paraloid B44 copolymer resin consisting of polyethyl acrylate (PEA), PMMA and ethyl acrylate (EA), a soluble in acetone and toluene, good resistance to UV radiation, corrosion, oxidation and its resistance to external factors to some extent and the degree of its glass transition is high and adding Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide (NANO RESTORE) to copolymer of acrylic by concentration 1: 1, treatments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, general appearance water repellency, compressive strength, porosimetry water absorption and Density.

Keywords

References

References;
(1)               Al-Dosari1, M, A., Darwish, S., Abd El-Hafez, M., Elmarzugi, N., Al-Mouallimi, N., Mansour, S., Ca (OH)2 nanoparticles based on acrylic copolymers for the consolidation and protection of Ancient Egypt calcareous stone monuments, Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2017, p.2.
(2)               Bourguignon, E, S., Study of deterioration mechanisms and protective treatments of the Egyptian limestone Ayyupid City Wall of Cairo, Master in science, 2000, p.17.
(3)               Abd El- Hady, M, M, Infrared investigations on monumental limestone samples, VI th International Congress on deterioration and conservation of stone, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun, 1988, 387-394.
(4)               Winkler. E., Stone in Architecture: Properties, Durability (3rd edition), Springer, Berlin (1997).
(5)               Doehne, E., Price, C. A., Stone Conservation: An Overview of Current Research, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2010.  
(6)               ELGohary, M., Effective roles of some deterioration agents affecting Edfu Royal Birth House "MAMMISI, International Journal of Conservation Science, Volume 6, Issue 3, July-September 2015: 349-368.
(7)               Baglioni, P., Chelazzi, D., Nanoscience for the conservation of works of art, RCS, 2013, PP. 354-357.
(8)               Fernandez, A., Gomez-Villalba, L., Rabanal, M., Fort, R., New nanomaterials for applications in conservation and restoration of stony materials: A review, Materials De Construction, Vol. 67, Issue 325, January–March 2017, PP.4-6.
(9)               C.T.S, General Catalouge, Italy, 2014, P.56.
(10)            WWW.Remmers.com
(11)           Ban, M, Mascha, E., Weber, J., Rohatsch, A., Rodrigues, J, D., Efficiency and compatibility of selected alkoxysilanes on Porous carbonate and silicate stones, MDPI, Journal, Materials, article, Volume 12, Issue 1, 2019.
(12)           Al-Dosari1, M, A., Darwish, S., Abd El-Hafez, M., Elmarzugi, N., Al-Mouallimi, N., Mansour, S., Effects of adding nano silica on performance of ethyl silicate (TEOS) as consolidation and protection materials for highly porous artistic Stone, Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2016, p 194.
(13)           Bakr, A. M., Evaluation of the reliability and durability of some chemical treatments proposed for consolidation of so called-marble decoration used in 19th century cemetery (Hosh Al Basha), Cairo, Egypt
(14)           Chapman, S., Mason, D., Literature review: the use of Paraloid B72 as a surface consolidant for stained glass, Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42 (2003) 381–392.
(15)           Karas, N., An Evaluation of acrylic resin, ethyl silicate, and methyl trim ethoxy silane treatment at San Antonio Missions National Historic Park, San Antonio, Texas, Master of science in historic preservation, University of Pennsylvania,2011, PP.36-37.    
(16)            Podany, J., Carland, K., Freeman, W., Rogers, j., Paraloid B-72 as structural and adhesive and as abarrier within structural adhesive bonds: Evaluations of strength and reversibility, Journal of American Institute for conservation, Vol. 40, N. 1, 2001, PP. 14-33. 
(17)           Conti, C., Striova, J., Aliatis, I., Colombo, C., Portable Raman versus portable mid-FTIR reflectance instruments to monitor synthetic treatments used for the conservation of monument surfaces Claudia ,2013, p 48.
(18)           Carmen LI Ontario, Biodeterioration of acrylic polymers paraloid B-72 and B-44: Report on field Trials, p 283.
(19)           WWW. CTSEUOPE, General Catalogue, 2016, p18.
(20)            Abd El- Hady, M.M. Acrylic resins and silicones as Monumental Stone Preservatives, International Conference on Materials Science, Alex,1990.
(21)           Ahmed, H, T., Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Helwan Limestone: For Conservation Treatment of Ancient Egyptian Limestone Monuments, Journal of American Science, 2015, P.136-151.
(22)           Ruiz-Agudo, E., Mees, F., Jacobs, P., Rodriguez-Navarro, C., The role of saline solution properties on porous limestone salt weathering by magnesium and sodium sulfates, Springer, 2006. P. 269-281.
(23)                       Khallaf, M, K., El-Midany, A. A., El-Mofty, S. E., Influence of acrylic coatings on the interfacial, physical, and mechanical properties of stone-based monuments, Elsevier, Progress in Organic Coatings, 2011, p. 592–598.
(24)           Mirowski. R., A new method of impregnation of stone historical objects, in: VI th International cong on deterioration of stone, Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun, (1988), PP. 33- 38.
(25)           Doehne, E., Price, C, A., Stone Conservation an Overview of Current Research, Second Edition, 2010, p.44.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics